All-photonic quantum repeaters
Quantum networks beyond a few 10s of kilometers require quantum repeaters to mitigate photon loss in fibers. Most repeater protocols require quantum memories, which is not easy due to limited storage time and added noise. A possible alternative are all-photonic quantum repeaters that don't require quantum memories and are investigated within QLUSTER. In this new work by FORTH, scientists evaluate the performance of all-photonic quantum repeaters using deterministic spin-based graph state production and compare it to quantum-memory based repeater protocols. We find that the all-photonic quantum repeaters can outperform any memory-based protocols if the operations on the quantum emitters are sufficiently fast and if the photon collection efficiency is sufficiently high!
Light from scratch!
Coherent optical states consist of a large quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate firstly the reverse, we produce coherent light from single photons! We manipulate single photons using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop and show that quantum states of light can be obtained with tunable photon statistics, including approximately coherent states (see figure). These artificial quantum states of light are (before detection) more interesting than coherent light and contain quantum entanglement of photons at different times, similar to linear cluster states as achieved by HUJI & CNRS recently.
A bright and fast source of coherent single photons
Natasha Tomm, Alisa Javadi and coauthors from the QLUSTER research group at Basel led by Richard Warburton report a single-photon source with a very high end-to-end efficiency. The device is based on a self-assembled gated quantum dot in an open, tunable microcavity. High material quality and an optimized device structure ensures low noise of the quantum dot, and the optical cavity mode is well matched to a single-mode fibre collecting the single photons. They demonstrate production of single photons on-demand with a probability of up to 57% with very high purity and indistinguishability. Coherence persists in trains of thousands of photons with single-photon creation at a repetition rate of 1 GHz.
Sarah Thomas and Pascale Senellart from the QLUSTER research group at Paris have written a Nature Nanotechnology news & views article about the single photon source: The race for the ideal single-photon source is on
Quasi-deterministic generation of a 4-photon cluster state
QLUSTER research groups led by Hagai Eisenberg and Pascale Senellart have achieved the generation of a 4-photon cluster state! Single photons were generated in a highly efficient quantum dot - cavity device and subsequently entangled in a compact fiber-loop setup. The entanglement is encoded in the polarization degree of freedom, and all photons are in a common spatial mode. The reported architecture can be programmed for linear-cluster states of any number of photons, that are required for photonic one-way quantum computing schemes.
Extended polarized semiclassical model for quantum-dot cavity QED (2020)
Most cavity-based single photon sources operate in the weak coupling regime of cavity QED, and due to material birefringence and fabrication imperfections the optical cavity modes are usually polarization-split. In this paper physicists from Leiden have developed a simple analytic semi-classical model that allows accurate prediction of the response from polarized quantum dot (or atom) transitions in a birefringent cavity, and demonstrate improvement of a single photon source based on it.
Generation of non-classical light in a photon-number superposition (2019)
Physicists at C2N have demonstrated for the first time the direct generation of light in a state that is simultaneously a single photon, two photons, and no photon at all. They showed that the same kind of light emitter used for decades is also able to generate these quantum states, and expect that this holds true for any kind of atomic system.
A gated quantum dot strongly coupled to an optical microcavity (2019)
The strong-coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) represents the light–matter interaction at the fully quantum level, for instance, a single photon shifts the resonance frequencies significantly. However, miniaturizing semiconductor cavities without introducing charge noise and scattering losses remained a challenge. Here we present a gated, ultralow-loss, frequency-tunable quantum-dot microcavity device in the strong coupling limit overcoming all of the mentioned shortcomings.
Quantum interface of an electron and a nuclear ensemble (2019)
Semiconductor quantum dots offer the highest rate and quality of single photons among all other solid-state quantum light sources. However, they lack access to a long-lived quantum memory, such as a proximal nuclear spin, that would make them competitive for large-scale quantum architectures. Gangloff et al. used the spin of a single electron and light to cool an ensemble of about 30,000 nuclei within semiconductor quantum dots. They then extended this approach to manipulate individual nuclear spins. The ability to manipulate the ensemble of nuclei coherently, down to the single nuclear spin, could lead to the realization of a quantum dot network where each node has its own dedicated quantum memory.
